Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cordia dichotoma leaves and their application as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl

• R.Q. Ibrahim¹, S.H. Ali², N.H. Faisal¹, S.Q. Ibrahim³, A.A.A. Al-Shawi¹, A.N. Hassan¹, M.Y. Kadhum¹ and A.S. AbdulNabi¹

¹ Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
² Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
³ Department of Polymer and Petrochemical Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah, 61001, Iraq

Abstract: In this study, a Cordia dichotoma plant extract was used to create silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were then analyzed using FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. To assess the AgNPs capacity to suppress corrosion, they were applied to mild steel at different concentrations (100–400 ppm) at temperatures of 298 K and 308 K in a corrosive medium containing 1.0 M hydrochloric acid. The corrosion-protective properties of AgNPs were investigated utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). The produced AgNPs showed an inhibitory efficiency of 94.93% in PDP and 87.33% in EIS at a concentration of 400 ppm. AgNPs function as a mixed-type inhibitor, which means that the inhibitor influences both the anodic and cathodic reactions, according to potentiodynamic polarization data. Additionally, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to describe the adsorption behavior of the inhibitor. The estimated energy of adsorption ΔGads (–25.17 kJ/mol, –24.98 kJ/mol) indicates mixed physisorption and chemisorption interaction. These results suggest that the produced AgNPs have a great deal of potential as agents that limit corrosion. This study is revolutionary because it creates a green and sustainable nano-inhibitor that provides strong protection for mild steel surfaces and an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional inhibitors for possible industrial uses.

Keywords: silver nanoparticles, green synthesis, corrosion inhibition, mild steel, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization

Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib., 2026, 15, no. 2, 253-271
doi: 10.17675/2305-6894-2026-15-2-15

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