Green and hybrid corrosion inhibitors: mechanistic insights and industrial applications

• M.M. Hanoon¹, B.S. Mahdi¹ and A.A. Alamiery^2,3

¹ Production Engineering and Metallurgy, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
² AUIQ National Center for Research and Innovation, College of Engineering, Al-Ayen University (AUIQ), Nile St, Nasiriyah P.O. Box 64001, Dhi Qar, Iraq
³ Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad 10001, Iraq

Abstract: Corrosion remains a critical challenge across diverse industrial sectors, demanding effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly inhibition strategies. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of organic corrosion inhibitors, emphasizing the transition from traditional synthetic compounds to modern green alternatives. Various classes of organic inhibitors including nitrogen-, phosphorus-, sulfur-containing compounds, heterocycles, carboxylic acids, and plant-derived substances are examined in terms of their chemical structure, adsorption mechanisms, and performance in different corrosive media. Particular attention is given to mixed-type inhibition behaviors, eco-toxicological impacts, and comparative performance of synthetic versus natural inhibitors. Advanced functional materials such as amino acid-based inhibitors, biopolymers, and green ionic liquids are also explored, alongside nanotechnology-enhanced formulations and smart delivery systems. Numerous diagrams and tables provide a visual comparison of inhibitor types, efficiency, metal compatibility, and environmental impact. This review further highlights the importance of computational tools in designing next-generation corrosion inhibitors and evaluates industry-specific applications. The shift toward green chemistry is not only a scientific necessity but also an industrial imperative, driving innovation toward safer, more efficient, and sustainable corrosion mitigation technologies.

Keywords: corrosion, hybrid, organic inhibitors, electrochemistry, adsorption isotherms

Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib., 2025, 14, no. 4, 1716-1784
doi: 10.17675/2305-6894-2025-14-4-2

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