Analysis of inhibition of Citrus aurantiifolia peel extract as a renewable inhibitor for ASTM A35 with temperature variations in 1 M sulphuric acid

• N.A.F. Rizky¹, A. Pradityana¹, F. Khosfirah², W.B. Wan Nik³, P.I. Santosa⁴, M. Ridha bin Muhammad⁵, M. Faizul bin Mohd Sobri⁵, R.H.A. Shidieqqy¹ and M.L. Hakim¹

¹ Dept. of Mechanical Industrial Engineering, Vocational Faculty, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, 60111, East Java, Indonesia
² Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and System Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, 60111, East Java, Indonesia
³ Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
⁴ Faculty of Engineering, Naval Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
⁵ Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia

Abstract: The research explores the potential of Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) peel as a renewable and organic inhibitor for ASTM A53 Steel in a 1 M sulphuric acid solution. The extract was obtained through the maceration process, and its performance was analyzed at varying concentrations (50–250 ppm) and various temperatures such as (25°C, 30°C, and 35°C). The electrochemical methods such as EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) and PDP (Potentiodynamic Polarization) test are combined with weight loss measurements, and it was completed with FTIR and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) test that were applied to examine inhibition efficiency and surface morphology changes. The polarization test showed an optimum inhibition efficiency of 93.6% at 35°C in the presence of 250 ppm of the extract. Weight loss results highlighted the inhibitor’s superior capability, reaching 98.5% at 250 ppm. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) confirmed the adsorption of functional groups onto the surface of the steel, indicating chemical bonding between the inhibitor and the substrate. SEM imaging further verified the development of a protective layer, which is believed to significantly suppress corrosion. These outcomes affirm that Citrus aurantiifolia peel extract can serve as an effective, sustainable, and eco-conscious corrosion inhibitor for industrial use.

Keywords: corrosion, organic inhibitor, Citrus aurantiifolia peels, H2SO4

Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib., 2025, 14, no. 4, 2439-2460
doi: 10.17675/2305-6894-2025-14-4-39

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